Ch. 22- Therapeutic Agents for the reproductive system
Females: precursor to estrogen in women
Occurs in approximately half of men by the age of 50
No cancerous and non lethal, although it is disruptive to daily life
Goal of treatment: to relieve symptoms such as urinary hesitancy , a decrease in the steam of urine , post voiding dribbling , frequency of urination and nocturia and prevent UTIs
Treatment: life style changes, surgery, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors reduce the size of prostate, take up to 6months to achieve max effectiveness; alpha- blockers ack quickly to lessen urinary symptoms but do not stop the overall process of prostate enlargement
Ex. Finasteride/ proscar
May cause birth defects- women who is pregnant or trying to become pregnant should avoid contact with crushed or broken tablets because the active drug can be penetrated through the skin
Symptoms of these drugs can cause lightheadedness/ falls
Relaxes smooth muscle tissue in the prostate and the bladder neck. This allows urine to flow out of the bladder more easily
Oil based injectable estrogen meds
Treatment: lifestyle changes; sildenafil (viagra), a phospodieterase inhibitor, introduced in 1998; should not be taken if taking nitrates
– medication initially researched for use as a cardiovascular agent to lower blood pressure and treat angina pectoris
Where fertilization occurs
Occurs between the ages 50 and 60yrs
Increased the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease
Hormonal therapies can improve body image but infertility cannot be reversed with treatment: estrogen and progestin to help ovarian stimulation; low dose testosterone may increase sex drive
Occurs is the fetus, during puberty, or at anytime during adulthood
Caused by underdevelopment of the gonads (during fetal development), impaired growth (at puberty) , infection (bacterial or viral) or injury to the glands that produce testosterone (tumors or trauma)
Symptoms from lack of testosterone: fatigue, decrease sex drive, and difficulty concentrating
Treatment: stress reduction; androgen/ methyltestosterone (C-III); testosterone with fatigue
Viable for 24 to 48 hours
Secretes from day 14 though day 28 of menstrual cycle
Male: maturation of sperm
Female: secretion of steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol
– stimulates sperm production , responsible for sex drive, voice and skin changes , bone and muscle growth affects GnRH in hypothalamus
In females, responsible for sex drive
Treatment: Assisted reproductive technology, which uses in vitro fertilization , embryo transfer, and both egg and sperm transfer
– hormonal treatment is most commonly used; clomiphene and progesterone can be used
Treatment: clomiphene (Combid) and menotropins (Menopur)
Genetics affect onset ( African American and family history are more at risk)
Symptoms: nocturia, dysuria, blood in urine or semen, painful ejaculation, and pain in the pelvis or lower back that dose not subside
– 4stages/ treatment determines based on stage
Treatment: surgery removing the prostate( radical prostatectomy) or testicle ( orchidectomy). A partial removal of prostate tissue (transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]) radiological treatment to treat recurrent or advance stage; hormonal therapy- antiandrogens and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-stage 2
Symptoms mild or absent
-Eventually cause PID in women and epididymitis in men; painful condition that leads to sterility
Symptom mild or absent
-Eventually cause PID in women and epididymitis in men, painful condition that lead to sterility
